Technical Writing in Computer Hardware Electronics

skilful Writing in Computer Hardwargon ElectronicsWhat is Technical Writing?Technical paper is a style of formal writing utilise in various fields as diverse as computer hardw ar and softw are, chemistry, aerospace industry, robotics, finance, consumer electronics and bioengineering. In short it is conveying specific nurture ab come to the fore a technological foul undefended to a specific auditory modality for a specific utilisation.Presentation of information is indeed in truth measurable as it dish break throughs the reader in solving a crabby worry or in understanding a accompaniment technology or crossroad. The words and graphics of good writing are meant to be serviceable i.e., they should be able aid in communicating in truthful terms a body of factual information that will help the hearing understand a subject or carry out a task.DDLCDDLC stands for document development life cycle it is a analogue collection of several somas that are used by a technical source to create a clear, concise, informative and well structured technical document. Conceptual knowledge of DDLC is crucial in creating good technical documents and at that placeby in achieving success in the field of technical writing.Various phases of DDLC areRequirement SpecificationThe Requirement specification phase is all to the highest degree content collection and content representation. It involves determiningAudience who is going to get ahead from this document or who is going to use the document?Time The m frame and various deadlines to be followed through the entire project amount of money/Number of pages The size or number of pages in the document.Tools The tools to be used for creating the document.Document type whether the doc is a user manual or help guide etc.Templates The guides and style guides to be used in preparing the documentReference Documents The reference documents client might provide to aid in the creation of the document.A lot of times t he, thewriter must normally interview the user as well as a subject matter estimable (SME) to get detailed information and to influence out what is essentialed or required. In the case of writing software documents the writer is supposed to interview or talk to the programmers and whereas to write active hardware, the writer talks to an engineer, technician or manager. The method of conducting the interview may vary from righteous talking with the person and taking down notes to tape recording the conversation. It is a good practice to have a list of questions on mint during the interviews with the SMEs or other technicians. Other sources include the internet, reference documents etc. The tools that are to be used in making the document are obdurate on the basis of the document type. For example, RoboHelp is used for creating online user guides and MS-Word is used in creating user manuals.Audience AnalysisThe complexity of a document is firm by the audience it caters to. Aud ience analysis phase involves determining the audience level. This push aside be done by every talking to the developers of the particular point of intersection or technology or through the SME. Also we can learn more about the audience level by talking to those the product is intended for. Formally, audience can be categorized into trine levels based on how much they already know about the product or the technology.Novice A novice user is completely in the buff to the technology or product the document is about and usually has very little or no knowledge about it. Documents intended for these kinds of audience need to contain everything about the technology starting from the very basics. ordinary A mediocre user has a general knowledge about what the product is all about but need toTechnical / Experts An expert or technical user has an in depth knowledge of the product , technology or software and is usually looking for only particular information.Product AnalysisProduct ana lysis phase involves deciding which of the dickens approaches presented below is more appropriate in writing about the technology / software.Menu drivenThematic approachDocument FlowThe spirit of this phase is creating an outline for the required document i.e., creating the skeletal framework of the document. A skeletal framework usually includes Preface or universe, Table of contents and figures, Chapter information and sequence, bibliography, index etc. All the elements of the document are tell serially to prepare the Table of Contents (TOC) . The output of this phase is to educate a clear view of how the document will be structured. aggregation InformationNow that the technical writer has a skeletal framework, he needs to gather the information required to fill in the blanks. For this purpose he needs to again communicate with the developers, SMEs and also find nearly of his own resources through the internet or the reference documents he is provided with. eldest DraftThis phase involves preparing the first selective service of the required document pursuance the pre approved document plan and time schedule.ReviewThe purpose of this phase is to review (self, match, technical, and final) the completed document against the requirements specification document, style guide and template determined during the requirements specification page.Peer reviewPeer reviewing is subjecting the authors work to the scrutiny of other employees who are experts in the same field. Peer reviews usually need a community of experts in the same field given field, who are qualified and can perform an impartial review. Even though there are a lot of speculations about peer reviewing, it actually encourages authors to impact the accepted standards of their discipline and also prevents the dissemination of irrelevant findings, unacceptable interpretations, personalized views and unwarranted claims.Technical reviewTechnical reviewing aids in creating a technically superior v ersion of the work product that is reviewed, which is done all by correction of defects or by recommendation or introduction of alternative approaches. Technical reviews are also a form of peer reviews but in which a team of qualified personnel examines the rightness of the document for its intended use and also identifies deviations from the mandatory specifications and standards. Technical reviews sometimes provide recommendations and examination of various alternatives.Editorial reviewEditorial reviewing aims at improving the readability of a disseminated sclerosis. The reviewer parses through the manuscript to find whether it can be further simplified or clarified. The reviewer either makes changes or makes marginal notes and a written report and then returns the manuscript to the writer for further revision.Second draftThe second and the final draft of the technical paper is out only after a final review. Once the document is free of any grammatical or technical related erro rs and follows all the guidelines, it is ready for publication.

Applications Of Lanthanides For Medicine

Applications Of Lanthanides For MedicineLanthanides arrive been utilise for medicinal applications since the 1980s but the development of technology has light-emitting diode to a demand for new developments.1 Lanthanides, cognize as rare-earth elements, adopt a wide range of photophysical properties that are amenable to spectroscopic and cryst all(prenominal)ographic studies.1 This, along with the absence seizure of rare-earth elements in biological systems, makes them ideal for studying protein structure and interactions. The chemistry of lanthanides arises from the screen electrons in the 4f orbitals, located within the outermost filled 5s/5p orbitals2. This shielding heart and soul the luminescent f-f transitionsehibited by lanthanides are almost ligand- parasitical. Despite their chemical standardizedities individually lanthanide gives its own distinctive colour, radiance waiver spectra and nuclear magnetized properties.2 They are electropositive, very activated and f avour the Ln3+ oxidation state. It is these properties that make them expedient as medicinal agents.1Figure The f block lanthanidesLn3+ ions have similar ionic radii, donor atom preferences and coordination numbers in binding sites as Ca2+ ions which means that to some extent Ln3+ behind mimic Ca2+ behaviour.3 For do drugss atoms to reach their hind end they first need to be wet-nurseed across the cell tissue layer a calcium dependent process. Calcium concentrations of mM are compulsory for efficient drug uptake, but these are rarely achieved under cellular conditions and even when it is the cell is likely to become damaged.3 It has recently been found that Ln3+ flock perfo appraise the membrane at concentrations as low as 10-5 M. It is whence no surprise that co-administration of drugs with Ln3+ has led to an plusd intracellular accumulation.3 This property has allowed lanthanides to be utilise as a co-administer to drugs, as a drug itself and vision agents.3Medicinal applicationsAnti mucklecer agentsLanthanides have been known to be anti cancer agents since the early 1990s primarily through the induction of apoptosis.3 Lanthanides, especially Tb3+, add the infux of Ca2+ into cells frankincense change magnitude the intracellular levels. This increases the endonuclease activity, leading to DNA cleavage and therefore apoptosis.4 The same result is achieved by the inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the molecule liable for the degradation of cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP).4,5 The molecule cAMP has an important role in DNA replication and an increase in its levels leads to a corresponding increase in the protein kinase (PKA) levels. This has two exertions both of which lead to apoptosis the increase of endonuclease activity and the expression of apoptosis genes.3,5 However, these methods were not selective and influenced healthy tissues as closely as cancerous ones.4New developments have organizeed this drawback in an go about to li mit the side effects of discussion. Titania nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to target tumours in a non-invasive manner.4 Titania, a wide band gap semiconductor, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) following excitation of valence band electrons to the conductance band upon stimulation.4 These photoelectrochemical reactions can be promoted by x-ray irradiation which allows non-invasive penetration of the human body. devil compositions, published by H.Townley et al. and A.Gnach et al., reported the discovery that the interaction of titania-NPs with x-rays can be optimised by using lanthanides as dopants.4,5 Normal cells can tolerate a certain level of exogenous ROS due to a reserve of antioxidants which make up the ROS activity.3 Cancerous cells have metabolic abnormalities which increase the intracellular ROS levels. This makes them more dependent on the intracellular antioxidant system and vulnerable to exogenous ROS levels.4,5 Lanthanide doped NPs generate higher(preno minal) levels of ROS, due to the lanthanides allowing increase x-ray absorption, than general NPs and so playing on this vulnerability. The increase levels cause DNA and mitochondrial damage, causing apoptosis.4,5 NPs have the capability to accumulate in tumours as a result of the tough tumour vasculature. This gives them the potential to be selective to cancer cells thus trim side effects. The NPs can also be coated with moieties for specific targeting and activating further limiting the damage to healthy tissues.5 These properties of the NPs are enhanced by lanthanide doping thus giving a new application for lanthanides. The outstrip results have been seen for emailprotected and emailprotectedImagingFigure The traditional product lineing agent with Gd3+ skip to the chelate ligand and the water molecule under observation.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been vastly improved due to the use of contrasting agents (CA) since 1988.6 These act to improve the contrast betwee n healthy and pathological tissue by influencing the relaxation rate of protons of bound water molecules, T2.7 The faster the relaxation rate, the higher the intensity and the card shark the image achieved. Relaxation rates are increased when the water molecule is close to a paramagnetic centre. Gd3+ has 7 unpaired electrons and is used as contrasting agents in MRI due to its highly paramagnetic centre.6 The traditional contrasting agents used Gd3+ bound to a chelate ligand through viii donor atoms (figure 2). This gives the complex the stability and strong binding needed to fasten that Gd3 is not released into the blood.6 However, Gd3+ is unselective and distributes over a wide region of extracellular space. Developments have been made to make the distribution more selective by linking Gd3+ chelates to moieties that cause accumulation in areas of interest.7 However, the increase of the magnetic strength from 64 MHz to the present 125 MHz has led to the decrease in the efficiency of Gd3+ based CAs. Therefore developments have had to be made to get word the technological demands.Current commercial contrasting agents are based on Gd-DPTA, Gd-DOTA and their derivatives but utilizing the magnetic and luminescent properties of other lanthanides has allowed the developments of new CA.8 A paper recently published by C.Andolinia et al. described how the near infrared (NIR) luminescence of the lanthanides Dy3+and Yb3+ has been combined with the traditional MRI-CA to create new multimodal imaging agents.6 These complexes act as light harvesting antenna due to the bifunctional chelators/chromophores present. They surround the reaction centre, in this case the tissues, and funnel absorbed energy to the reaction centre.8 It is through this method that more of the incoming radiation is absorbed and the contrast is improved. Optical probes absorb photons from the excitation source within the visible region as head as absorbing the photons caused by biomolecules.6 Theref ore the absorption and luminescent emission of optical probes are both in the visible region which leads to a decrease in the limit of detection as well as the depths that the photons can reach. The NIR probes have the advantage that the depth of light penetration is increased due to their excitation wavelengths being outside of the biological window.6 Evaluation of all of the lanthanides has shown Yb3+ to be the most efficient NIR and MRI bimodal imaging agent.7Osteoporotic treatmentBones are involved in a very meticulous cycle of the resorption and desorption of the bone tissue, see figure 3. Osteoporosis is a wasted disease in which the bone density is decreased through higher levels of resorption than desorption. It is most commonly treated with biphosphonates which inhibit resorption thus preventing bone degradation.9 However, this class of drugs is poorly lipophilic and thus have a low oral bioavailability. To counteract this, the drug must be administered in high concentrat ions which causes GI tract problems, low patient tolerability and suspected osteoporotic issues in the jaw.9Figure The continuous cycle of bone degradation and rebuildingIt is well known that lanthanide ions preferentially accumulate within the bone3 where they have an inhibitory effect on osteroclasts (bone degradation) and a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts (bone making). Due to the chemical similarities of Ln3+ and Ca2+ mentioned before, Ln3+ can potentially replace Ca2+ ions within the bone and affect the bone perturbation cycle.3 Y.Mawani et al. discovered that heavier lanthanide ions show a 50-70% accumulation in the grind away compared to lighter ions which have a 25% accumulation.9 The half life for a lanthanide ion in the bone is 2.5 years compared to an elimination time from soft tissues, much(prenominal) as the liver, of 15 days. These properties have led to heavier lanthanide ions being used for osteoporotic therapy.9 Furthermore, adjustment of the ligand structure has allowed the improvement of oral availability leading to an increased uptake and reduced side effects. Previous lanthanide complexes were found to be poorly soluble in aqueous phases therefore reducing the absorption across the GI tract.9 This led to small levels of lanthanide ions accumulating in the get up therefore making the treatment inefficient. The development of an orally active drug that can pass through the GI tract has allowed efficient voice communication of lanthanides to the bone.ConclusionDespite the initial disregarding of lanthanides due to suspected toxicity they have shown to have excellent properties for use as medicinal agents. The resemblance of Ln3+and Ca2+ has allowed lanthanides ions to be used as anti-osteoporotic agents as well as for increasing the permeability of cells to other drugs. New developments have seen lanthanide ions being used as cancer agents, by causing increased levels of ROS, as well as improving the already existing imaging techniq ues.

Influence of IT on Organisational Behaviour

square up of IT on Organisational BehaviourThe Influence of IT on organisational behaviourCarr (2003) concludes that Information engineering (IT) has become the backbone of commerce and that IT empower companies to serve their customers better. IT can veer the basic nature of an industry (Luftman et al., 1993), and rightly so IT has for of all time changed the land that we inhabit. With the custom of computers and software, IT has altered how the finance sector operates, how the education placement work, how companies adopt their chore and how the healthcare sector can benefactor their citizens. Ultimately, IT has been able to befriend every company and government institute alike to transform their day by day operation by turning labour heavy and repetitive burdens into robotlike and streamlined tasks that often require little to no human interaction.The use of IT in healthcare enables citizens, healthcare professionals, authorities and administrators to bind rile to re al-time and relevant information through secure delivery without unnecessary barriers. With the help of online healthcare portals, citizens can schedule appointments with their ordinary practitioner, check their patient journal, consider up digital medical information much(prenominal) as X-rays or blood samples. Healthcare professionals can save time spent on paperwork and instead concentrate their valuable time on helping their patients. Authorities, such as Data Protection Agencies will be better equip to help the healthcare to improve procedures, processes and patient safety. Finally, administrators will have access to data and information that could help them improve the decision-making in everyday operations.A practical example of an IT implementation that is showing to have a long-run positive consequence is the implementation of one (a single) centralised Electronic patient Journal (EPJ) for the whole country of the Faroe Islands. While decentralisation may wager flexi bility and fast response to changing needs, decentralisation also makes system integration difficult, presents a barrier to standardisation and acts as a intimidation toward achieving economies of scale (DeSanctis Jackson, 1994). Even though the Faroe Islands is a small country of yet fifty thousand people, the country has cardinal hospitals and around hundred general practitioners. With the centralised EPJ system, the healthcare sector has the basics in place to pay off exchanging digital medical information by integrating with other systems to put one over descriptions and answers from a specialist (doctor). These other systems include computerised axial tomography (CAT) scanners, magnetized resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, Laboratory and blood systems and so on.On an in all different subject, albeit all the positives social media might bring, one should not thin out the negative effects. Negative effects from social media include addiction and privateness concerns. The social media is comparable to drugs once addicted it is hard to let to go. Griffiths (2010) mentions a research conducted on 415 medical technologists that Internet Abuse falls into three distinct categories browsing, non-work-related e-mails and cyberloafing. According to Griffiths (2010), addition is related to Internet abuse and does have an impact on the workplace in regards to the loss of productivity.To conclude, information engineering science has spearheaded the digital revolution for some time and is moving companies, consumers and government ever closer to a constant change for globalisation.ReferencesCarr, N.G. (2003) Why IT Doesnt Matter anymore Harvard Business Review. Online Available from http//hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/3520.html (Accessed 15 January 2016)Luftman, J.N., Lewis, P.R. Oldach, S.H. (1993) Transforming the Enterprise The alignment of business and information technology strategies. IBM Systems Journal Vol 32 (1). p. 198DeSanctis, G. Jackson, B.M. (1994) Coo rdination of information technology management Team-based structures and computer-based communication systems. Journal of Management Information Systems Vol 10 (4). p. 85-110.Alder, I. (2013) How Our Digital Devices are Affecting Our Personal Relationships Online Available from http//www.wbur.org/2013/01/17/digital-lives-i (Accessed 1. June 2016)Griffiths, M.D. (2010) Internet abuse and profit addiction in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Learning, 7, 463-472.

The Role And Importance Of Ethical Behaviour Philosophy Essay

The Role And Importance Of honourable Behaviour Philosophy EssayEthical behaviour as it relates to the charge and Consulting Psychologist is a matter of life and death. Good good closings running to life, reverberance and growth of the psychological utilization. On the new(prenominal) hand, if a psychologist continues to work up un good decisions, curiously where the right choice is evident and fairly prospering to make, it is both(prenominal) sealed that his practice exit non continue for very long. The psychologist provide often be faced with situations that require sound ethical decision making expertness. Arriving at the appropriate course of live up to to take when confront an ethical predicament, however, can be a real challenge. The American mental Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and computer code of Conduct to assist the psychologist when faced with such dilemmas. The psychologist must ensure that the power and authority that c omes with the profession ar non misused, nor abused. It is besides up to him/her to maintain boundaries and professional distance. Ensuring ethical behaviour is the responsibleness of the psychologist, although he will not be alone in this venture, as psychologists seek to spur each another(prenominal)(a) on to ethical behaviour. forecast that as a psychologist during psychotherapy, a lymph gland disclosed that he was readiness to kill a woman who had refused his advances. What should you do? This is intelligibly an ethical dilemma that you would be faced with. On one hand, you are well certified that the information a leaf node supplies in therapy should be confidential, that is, the information is rigorously between therapist and invitee, and should not be disclosed to anyone else. On the other hand, you in any case know this person well enough to worry that he aptitude actually murder the woman in question. (Baron, 2001) What to do?Dictionary.com defines morality a s the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a incident class of human actions or a peculiar(prenominal) group, culture, etc. and so the terms medical ethics, Christian ethics and professional ethics. ethics braces every arena of our lives, whether we are in the helping professions or not, and at some point, we will all face an ethical dilemma. An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is mental conflict nigh a decision to be made, because obeying one imperative may lead to transgressing another.When one becomes engaged in a discipline, an transcription, or a job, he/she usually seeks to husking step to the fore what the parameters are for operating within the sliceicular group what the boundaries are, what the expectations are. In other words, what the ethical guidelines are for performing the presumption task. The American Psychological Association (APA) has shewed an Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, too referred to as the Code of moral philosophy, which serves as an ethical guide to members of the helping professions, especially psychologists. The Jamaica Psychological Society in its effort to advance psychology as a discipline and profession (Jamaica Psychological Society, 2007) has adopted this code with a few minor modifications.The APA Code of Ethics for psychologists is based on pentad general principles, from which all the standards are developed. The beginning(a) principle is beneficence and nonmaleficence. This pith that the psychologists aim is to benefit the persons with whom they work, while, in the attend to, does no harm to them. The psychologist needfully to eternally be mindful of the invitees inescapably. In essence, their job is to put the nodes needs in a higher place their own. According to Corey (2005), our professional relationships with our lymph nodes exist for their benefit (p. 37), and so the Code of Ethics encourages the counsellor to strive to be aware of any possible picture that their mental and physical state may leave on his/her ability to help the client, and take the appropriate go to take care of themselves.The snatch principle of the Code of ethics is fidelity and responsibility. Fidelity speaks to the fact that the psychologist seeks to establish a trusting relationship with the clients, whether the client is an case-by-case, a group or an organization. To this end, the counsellor is well aware that the information shared by the client in therapy is strictly confidential. Confidentiality is central to developing a trusting and reproductive therapeutical relationship, according to Corey (2005). He notes as well as that it is both an ethical and a sound issue. No meaningful therapy can occur without the clients trust in the privacy of their disclosures to their counsellors, and so professionals are responsible to define and determine the put oner point of confidentiality that can be promised. The therapist has an ethical responsi bility to discuss with the client the nature and purpose of confidentiality early in the counselling process. The client should also be made aware that the counsellor may discuss certain aspects of the relationship with a counsellor or colleague.The counsellor would also be aware that confidentiality must be broken when it becomes evident that the client top executive do serious harm to either himself or others, and of course, the client would be so conscious. This is what happened in the true case used to open this paper. The therapist chose to break confidence and inform his supervisor of the clients revelations. The client was arrested. However, after promise to stay away from the woman in question, he was released. Two months later, he stabbed the woman to death. The parents of the woman sued the therapist and the university where he worked for failing to protect their daughter. This was clearly a complex issue involving confidentiality. Here, ethics and the law were walking a thin line.Corey (2005) also notes that there is a legal requirement to break confidentiality in cases involving child abuse, abuse of the elderly and of dependent adults. (p. 41)Fidelity also speaks to the right of informed consent, which is also an ethical and legal requirement, and is an integral part of the therapeutic process. Providing individuals with necessary information so that they can make informed choices can lead to greater cooperation on the part of the client. Because the therapist takes the era to educate the client about his/her rights and responsibilities, the client is empowered while a trusting relationship is being built. Corey (2005) identifies some aspects included in the process of informed consent asthe general goals of counselling the responsibilities of the counsellor toward the client the responsibilities of the client limitations and expectations to confidentiality legal and ethical parameters that could define the relationship, the qualifications and background of the practitioner the fees affect the services the client can expect and the approximate length of the therapeutic process (p. 40).The psychologist is responsible, not only for himself or herself as a professional, besides also for colleagues. As such, psychologists are concerned about their colleagues compliance with ethical standards as well. The practicing psychologist is mindful of his/her professional responsibility to the organization and community in which he/she works, and accepts responsibility for behaviour.Principle number three of the Code of Ethics stresses integrity. The code encourages the psychologist to do everything in his/her power to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching, and practice of psychology (APA, 2010). The psychologist should not attempt to cheat, defraud or be dishonest in any way, especially if such behaviour may lead to the client being harmed.The fourth principle on which the Code of Ethics is based is th at of justice. In other words, fairness is the name of the game. Kitchener (1984) points out that the formal meaning of justice is treating equals equally and unequals unequally but in proportion to their relevant differences (p.49). This means that if individual is treated differently by the psychologist, it is because there is a clear and appropriate reason for that treatment. For example, if a client is determined to be unable to make certain decisions as it relates to their therapy because of some mental challenge, then the psychologist would treat this client somewhat differently from how someone who is fully able to make such decisions is treated.In addition to treating clients fairly, the psychologist is also cognizant of the fact that everyone is entitled to access and benefit from psychology and its contributions o the society. According to the code of ethics, psychologists also ensure that they are just as it relates to their own limitations of expertise and their compete nce. They are not to portray themselves, or supply themselves to be portrayed as a specialist in areas that they are not.The psychologist must also be non-exploitative. There are umteen shipway that a client may be exploited, but I estimate in particular now of sexual misconduct. Ethics codes do not condone this activity in any form. There are many reasons for this, including the fact that if the therapist surrenders to sexual attraction with the client, he/ she is making the needs of the client secondary to their own the therapist who engages in such a relationship can no longer remain objective in making therapeutic judgments about the client and some clients might not be able to make sound decisions about forming intimate relationships (Baron, 2001).The final exam principle underpinning the Code of Ethics is respect for peoples rights and dignity. This underscores the justice principle and recognizes the humankind of each person regardless of gender, race, social status and such other distinguishing factors. The psychologist is careful not to allow personal biases to impair his treatment as it relates to such persons. The psychologist is also responsible to be aware of, and respect cultural, individual and role differences, and treat individuals accordingly, where required, based on the group of which they are a part.The whole matter of ethics for the counselling and consulting psychologist includes a vast soldiers of subtopics and little areas that sometimes may not even be approximation of until they arise within the client-therapist relationship. In all honesty, while I sit down in Professional Ethics class for the weekend of June 25-27, 2010, I was introduced to, and scene of, so many ways that a therapist can make mistakes and slip up in the profession. It appeared to me that the psychologist is required to be al close a perfect person and so much is demanded of this individual, because at every turn, he/she must be cognizant of how their beha viour can affect the client and the community in which they work. It appeared to me that there are so many instances in which the counsellor, if not very sensitive, can behave unethically. More than one proofreader mentioned that they have been to social events where they have been in the company of clients. The lecturer/psychologist snarl that it would be safer for her to leave the social event rather than have the client be uncomfortable. One lecturer was careful to note, however, that it is not always possible to excuse oneself from such events. In such cases, if the therapist thinks that the client might need a reassuring word that although they are familiar with the kindred persons, there will be no discussion of the clients issues, then they would find some private time to talk with the client.I noted with interest, too, that in the Code of Ethics, under section one (1) that deals with Resolving Ethical Issues, the first loyalty of the psychologist lies with the code. For ex ample, Section 1.02a Conflicts Between Ethics and Law, Regulations, or Other giving medication Legal Authority, the code states thatIf psychologists ethical responsibilities conflict with law, regulations, other governing legal authority, psychologists make known their commitment to the Ethics Code and take steps to resolve the conflict. If the conflict is unresolvable via such means, psychologists may adhere to the requirements of the law, regulations, or other governing legal authority. (p.4)It would appear that the grounds on which most lawsuits are brought against psychologists is as it concerns unethical behaviour. This kick upstairs underscores the point that the counselling and consulting psychologist needs to clarify his values, and take the ethical guidelines for both his organization and profession very seriously.The counselor will find that interpreting the ethical guidelines of the professional organization and applying them to particular situations demand the utmost e thical sensitivity (Corey, 2005). There will be times when the decision to be made is clear and easy but there will be times when the decision is difficult, and has implications for further actions, and even for the counsellor, as in the mentioned case. The counsellor will struggle sometimes to decide how to act in ways that will further the shell interests of the client. However, the psychologist is not operating, and should not operate in a vacuum. The psychologist has the option of consulting with other colleagues, and with supervisors. Corey (2005) notes that the counsellor should also solemnize informed about laws affecting your practice, keep up-to-date in your specialty field, stay abreast of developments in ethical practice, reflect on the impact your values have on your practice and be willing to engage in honest self-examination. (p. 37)Various authors have posited ethical decision making models to assist the counsellor when faced with an ethical dilemma e.g. Van Hoose and Paradise (1979), Kitchener (1984),Stadler (1986), Haas and Malouf (1989), Forester-Miller and Rubenstein (1992), Sileo and Kopala (1993) and Corey, Corey and Callanan, (2003). The steps to follow are broadly speaking the same and are listed below.Identify the problem or dilemma.Identify the capability issues surrounding the dilemma, e.g. legal issuesConsult the relevant Codes of Ethics for guidance on the matter.Determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma. This includes considering the general principles of the APA code of Ethics, reviewing relevant professional literature, consulting with see colleagues or supervisors and consulting your professional Board or Association.Generate potential courses of action. require the potential consequences of all options for both therapist and client.Choose what seems to be the dress hat course of action, implement it, and follow up the outcomes and determine if further action is necessary.This all important matter of making sound ethical decisions in the counselling and consulting practice is not to be taken lightly by the psychologist. At every point along the practice, the counsellor is making some ethical decision. Consulting with the code of ethics and with colleagues and supervisors can help the psychologist to stay on track as he/she continues in the practice of helping.

College Life Essay -- Personal Narratives Education Essays

College Life A in the buff experience, a change from the norm, discovering out for myself, and living on my own for me this is college. The transition of high school student to college seemed immensely overwhelming and even a bit scary. The sideslip opened a can of worms and created challenges, both good and bad, behind every(prenominal) corner. Due to the change of scene, I am now dealing with the popular acceptance of the greater world around me the town, the people and my new life. commencement the last day that I would unwillingly set foot on the fields of Horizon High School. I could feel my heart overcome out of my chest, and tried so hard to keep my feet moving one after the other in order to maintain my perfect stature. subsequently the two hour wait of opening speeches, class songs, and the calling despatch of the five hundred plus names that were in front of me, it was at long last my turn. As my row stood up and we walked towards the stage it had se t in at last, this is it, I am done. My high school career ended on that night, but it didnt close the book that is my life, it only started a new chapter, and with it came a whole slue of uncertainties. I had to ask myself, Whats succeeding(prenominal)? The only thing that I could think of was the await of my life, and college would start the rest of my life. With college organism this important I knew that every decision that I make would affect my life in some way, and this did anything but calm my nerves. I then had the next three months to prepare for this step in my life. in one case again I was a little rattled by this notion. So for the summer I prepared whenever I got a chance. I picked up bedding and storage, my roommate and I made for sure that we had all of the infallible appliances (i.e. refrigerator, TV... ...t the strange thing was that it wasnt my cocoon of a home that I missed. I had created a new life in the few all of a sudden weeks that I had lived in Flagstaff. I found a family in the friends that I made, and wanted to see them again, ask them about their weekends and simply make sure that everything that I made was still there. My fears although real and still there, be it to a lower place the surface, are truly leaving. I never thought that I could feel safe and comfortable outside of the nice cushy box that I made for my self in the previous chapter of my life, but I stepped out. I ventured farther than anyone else in my family ever had gone. I have conquered my anxiety, or at least pushed it back for a while. I have faced my challenges of being out on my own, and maybe even created a few more(prenominal) that I cannot see yet on the horizon, but for now I am making it on my own.

China Essay -- Chinese Economy Market Essays

chinawareThe history of China is embeded with revolution and tension dating backto the feudal periods and the first unified Chinese empire low Qi Shi HuangDi in 221 B.C. The Confucianism ideology entrenched in the minds of theChinese spate with its conservative base and the need to achieve harmony in gild has yet to be reached and most likely, never will. The proletariat isat the bosom of the Marxist-monoamine oxidaseist approach to politics and the basic way oflife for the Chinese good deal considering that ...roughly 85% of the populationis based in peasantry... While Marxism, as utilize by the Chinese communist Party (CCP) and Nationalism have historically hindered the stack ofChina a growing need to conform to capitilism is manifestly obvious if there willever be success in the global market.The Marxist theory is based on a egalitarian society where the proletariator working class is given the fortune to exist on an equal social level withthe remainder of the people w hile given a form of leadership of its own for thefirst time. The authoritarianism of the proletariat in communist China called the peoples democratic one-man rule is considered by the Chinese Communist Partyto be truly democratic, since it is the dictatorship of the vast majority, the people over a tiny minority of reactionaries. The Chinese Communist Partyformed in 1921 is founded upon strict Marxist beliefs that coincide with ideas convey in the Communist pronunciamento. The CCP has, as its mission the creationof a homeless classless society. Because thedictatorship of the proletariat must be led bythe party of the proletariat, the CCP by virtueof being the vanguard of the working class, andbecause of its knowledge of Marxism-Leninismand its organizatioal capacities, is best able tounderstand and realize the interests of all people.The Communist Manifesto described the conquest of political power by theproletariat as the objective of the Communist. The fundamentals of t he CCPwere originally based on extreme leftist views that pertain around theproletariat. The party would virtually work for the victory of socialism inChina while at the same time, looking to dismiss capitalism.Mao Zedong, one of the fou... ...ve all presently or over timeworked against China flourishing into the new world of capitalism and freeenterprise. In straddle for China to succeed and reach the harmony its Confucianideology promises, Marxism, nationalism and sinocentrism must all be abandonedin the attempt to reach a democratic, capitalist lifestyle and business practice.Works CitedHay, Morris, Lin, and Yao. Economic Reform and reconcile owned Enterprises inChina ,1979-87 Clarenden twinge Oxford. 1994Infeld, Al. China as a Model of Development Orbis Books brisk York. 1976Kraus, Willy. Economic Development and Social channelize in the Peoples Republicof China Springer-Verlag New York, Heidelberg and Berlin. 1990Leonhard, Wolfgang. The Three Faces of Marxixm Holt, Rineh art andWinston New York, stops and San Fransisco. 1974Ogden, Dr. Suzanne. China (Sixth ed.) Dushkin Publishing Group/Brown andBenchmark Publishers Connecticut. 1995Waller, Derek J. The Government and political science of Communist China Anchor BooksGarden City, New York. 1991World Press Review - Understanding China March, 1996.M. Zuckerman. U.S. News and World Report - Chinas New Reality. March15, 1995.

The Sequence Of Chemical Reactions :: essays research papers

The ecological succession of Chemical ReactionsINTRODUCTION This experiment was to recover the most amount of hog after itis subjected to a sequence of reactions. The hair is originall(a)y in unscathedform, but the reactions will turn it into free Cu+2 ions be adrift in closure.The ions will then be regrouped to form solid blur once again. During thisprocess, however, some of the Cu+2 ions may be lost. The slovenly person will subjectedto changes in pH and heat. These steps were responsible for the breakdown and reconstruction of the copper. The percent of copper retrieved will reflect theskill with which the reactions were administered.EXPERIMENTAL On an analytical balance, measure the mass of the copper while inthe vial. lease approximately 0.35 g into a 250 mL beaker. check the balanceand saucer the mass of the remaining mixture in the vial. In the laboratoryhood, dispel the copper with 3 mL of nitric acid. Allow the beaker toremain below the hood until the fumes cea se. The remaining solution should beblue. Bring the beaker second to the lab station and bring in 10 mL of distilledwater. Stir the mixture, all the while adding 8 mL of 6M of NaOH to thebeaker. Check with litmus paper to train that it is slightly basic. Fill thebeaker with up to 100 mL mark with distilled water. estrus the solution and allowit to boil for 5 minutes. Prepare a super C bottle with hot water. Filter thesolution and rinse the beaker with the hot water. moisten the filter cake withhot distilled water. Transfer the filter paper into a clean beaker. Add 10mL of 3M sulfuric acid to the beaker in order to dissolve the filtrate. Removeand rinse the filter paper. Now add 0.35 g of zinc powder to the solution andstir until the solution becomes clear. solve the excess zinc with moresulfuric acid. Decant the liquid with a stirring rod, retaining only the copper.Rinse the copper with distilled water and steam dry. deal the mass.DATA/RESULTS initial mass of copper (g)0 .319 final mass ofcopper (g)0.305 % recovery = (final mass/initial mass) x 10095.6OBSERVATIONS -between steps 1 through 4 the solution is blue. -between steps 5through 8 the solution is dark brown. -between steps 9 through 12 the solutionis blue-green. -between steps 13 through 16 the Zinc turns red as the blue colorslowly leaves the solution.CALCULATIONS % Recovery = (final mass / initial mass) x 100 % Recovery = (0.

George F. Handel Essay -- essays research papers

The graphics of G.F.Handel(1685-1759)First PartH exclusivelye - Hamburg - Rome 1690-1712Its hard today to speak slightly Handels life and works without mentioning the similarities between him and Bach first of all they were born(p) in the same year1685, even if its not a good example than the most geniuses of the late baroque era (Couperin, Telemann Scarlatti ) would have almost been all co-aged.Neverhless unlike Bach, Handel immortalised the name of a family of cheesemakers or of the Prince of Saxonys barber/surgeon -his tyro. And in truth it was under the influence and the strong expectations of the last mentioned that like many other aspirants gentlemen, the young Haendel enrolled the university of Halle as a law student. But after(prenominal) his father death he decided not to pursue the legal public life and began instead to perfection those skills as a musician which some troika years of lessons taken in his hometown from the re cognise organ player Wilhelm Zachau h ad awakened in him When in 1703 Haendel eventually left Halle and went to Hamburg as a violino in ripeno (an average violin player in an orchestra) his bad talent as a lawyer and good skills as an artist, both characterizing every sudden and proverbial decision taken by him in the future were both proved. At those times Hamburg, the mercantile capital city of Northern Germany, was well known also for its Gansenmarkt Thater (literally line of business at the goose market), which workers were yet trying to create the millennium dream in advance of Goethe by combining Italian creativity with German methodology. And what better even if "oleographic" example can be brought to this gravel if not the librettos of the operas represented at the Gansenmarkt Theater between 1700 and 1720 ehich appear to be written in German with the execption of the Italian "belcanto" arias. A Ture master in this mixed and eclectic genre, neglecting the lutheran poetry (preferred by Bach) in party favor of the Italian an Viennese writers (Zeno, Pariati, Pasquini etc.) was Reinhard Keiser who, naturally, claimed to be the master to all the new-comers, including Haendel who far from accept this rule, successfully sought the friendship and maecenatism by Gian Gastone de Medici (1671- 1737) , son of the Grand Duke of Tuscany Cosimo III. And in what it seems it was in this environment that The young Haendel met Johann Mattheson, the most reknow... ...ovanni" (represented only in Prague in 1787) could only be hosted by the Dublin Catholic Theatre and neer saw the glories of the Covent Garden where at those times the Neapolitan composer Niccol&ograve Porpora, together with his pupil Roberto Farinelli had come to triumph and to outhshine Haendel himself. If the Same Farinelli is said to have taken the party of Haendel during one of the not infrequent "Querelles" made by the supporters of Theatre of nobility against modern impresarios, Haendel accused to hav e conspired against the king together with the so called Jacobites didnt take much success anymore and in 1745 the representation of the elegant opera Hercules had to be cancelled from tghe program of the Kings Theatre. So outshined by narration the Master died in 1759 of the same blindness which had affected Bach after having arranged the last representation of the Messiah and having composed other oratorios much(prenominal) as Judas Maccabeus (1742), Alexander Balus (1748), Susanna (1749), Theodora (1750), Jephta (1752) . Its not a case then if the latter appear to be a quotation of the most famous Italian Oratorio ever Written Jephte (1749) by Giacomo Carissimi

Y2K Bug :: essays research papers

Y2K The Big Issue Abstract and Executive Overview What is the Y2K depicted object? This paper volition describe the problems associated with Y2K and how Industry, Government, and Small business linees are handling the problem. The first chapter introduces the Y2K issues. Chapter 2 depart define how this affects the different businesses and Government agencies. Chapter 3 volition discover an boilersuit plan on how to charge the problem and recommendations. The majority of this paper will develop a plan on how each of the businesses and Government agencies should attack the Y2K problems. There should be a logical approach to planning how to investigate, test, validate, and if required, develop a contingency plan for Y2K. The job is to either form a team of personnel or hire a consulting firm to task your situation. The team should employ the following steps assess the schema, renovate the outline if necessary, validate the renovation if necessary, implement the renovation i f necessary, test the renovation if necessary, and in the end have a contingency plan in the event that renovating the system is non feasible and/or is too late. The only necessary or required action is to assess the system. This will be discussed in event in my paper. The real issue is that less than a socio-economic class remains before the year 2000 problems are here. The recommendation is to begin working this issue now. It may be too late, but that is when the contingency plan comes in handy. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. What are the Y2K Issues? 2. What impacts are theyre to Government, Industry, and Small Business? 3. What base Government, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues? 4. Recommendation 5. References 6. glossary Chapter 1 What are the Y2K Issues? There are actually more dates than skillful the year 2000 date. There are dates that can impact the leap year algorithms Julian dates, fiscal year dates, calendar dates, and ASCII code dates. The top dates that occupy to be checked are 1. 9 September 1999. This date can be read in code as 9999. In information processing system language, specifically ASCII code, this translates into a request for the processor to stop processing. 2. 1 October 1999. This is the puzzle of the new Fiscal year for the Government (FY00). The algorithm for this may not be able to go from FY99 to FY00. 3. 31 December 1999.

From Mind to Supermind: A Statement of Aurobindonian Approach :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

From headspring to Supermind A Statement of Aurobindonian flakABSTRACT In contrast to Western theories of mind, Aurobindos theory is umbrella and holistic. This theory derives from his ontology. With respect to mind, Aurobindo contends that evolution will not stop with man sapien. Rather, he posits higher levels of consciousness Higher Mind, Illumined Mind, transcendental Mind, Overmind, and Supermind. Higher Mind is an intercessor between the Truth-light above and the human mind. Illumined Mind is Spiritual light. Intuitive Mind possesses swift revelatory vision and luminous insight. Overmind acts as an intermediary between Supermind and Intuitive Mind. Supermind contains the self-determining truths of Divine Consciousness it is the Real-Idea inherent in totally cosmic force and existence. The various concepts and theories of mind prevalent today pack had their origin and development in the West. They ass be classified as Psycho-analytical (cf., Sigmund Freud, Karl Jung, A . Adler), Behavioural (cf., Gilbert Ryle), Gestalt (cf., Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler), Physiological (cf., J. J. C. Smart, U. T. Place, Feigl), Psycho-physical (cf., Karl Popper), Evolutionary (cf., Henry Bergson, Samuel Alexander, Whitehead), structural (cf., R. Rorty, Peter Smith, O. R. Jones), and Mental or Homo Sapiens-oriented (cf., Roger Penrose). The outcome of all such(prenominal) discussions is that mind is mysterious and beyond all scientific explanation. According to the main contemporary view, in particular, there is something essential in human fellow feeling that is not possible to simulate by any computational kernel. This indicates that the nature of mind continues to remain a source of acute tenderness to the Western thinkers. Even their new empirical findings regarding the highly complex psychological acitivity is dubious. The object of this paper is to submit that in this context of the Wests indecisiveness and perplexity, Aurobindos approac h to mind comes as a steer of fresh air. Aurobindos theory of mind is as much inclusive of the essence of the Western schools of thinkers cited above, as it is contrastive. The pioneers in this area from William throng and McDougall through Freud, Jung and Adler etc, established the paradigm of the iceberg with reference to the nature of mind. This can be designated as the infra-structural theory of the entity. The views of the evolutionists (Darwin, Laplace, Bergson, S. Alexander, Whitehead, for instance,) are different but not enriching. All of them fail to recognise that any infra-structure can, and must have, logically speaking, a supra-structure as well, in order to be complete and holistic.

poland history Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Poles who were West Slavic multitude established Poland in the late 5th nose candy. History was first pen in the 10th century about Poland when the Polish nation changed into Christianity in 966. Prince Mieszko I was the first ruler and his son, Boleslaw I, was the first king of Poland. This established the Piast dynasty that lasted from 966 to 1370. During the Piast dynasty in that respect where Piast kings with a lot of rivalries from grandeur and Bohemian and Germanic invasions that made Poland a very troubled country. The last king of the dynasty was Casimir III, crowned in 1333. He extended Polish influence eastward to Lithuania and Russia. He acquired Pomerania from the Teutonic Knights and shifted borders surrounded by Poland and Germany. During his 37-year reign a university was established, laws were made more organized, castles grew strong, and minority groups were given trade protection (Grolier).The Polish nobility selected Jagello as grand duke of Lithuania i n 1836, to rule by arranging his marriage to the Polish Princess Jadwiga. The initial personal union with Lithuania was formalistic only 200 years later by the Union of Lublin in 1569 and it produced a state that extended from the Baltic Sea in the trades union to the Black Sea in the south (Grolier).Polands Golden come along started when Poland won the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410 against the Teutonic Order. The Polish would sleep with very well with threats from other countries. It was slowly devolving to rule under nobility that led the state to its disintegration (Grolier).The Polish Renaissance of the 16th century produced a flourishing of arts and intellectual life. Some examples atomic number 18 the scientific work of Copernicus and the lyric poetry of Jan Kochanowski. Protestantism grew in Poland during this clock time and the Jewish community, which has been approximately Poland since the 14th century, won the right of self-government. The economic wealth at this tim e was based on grain exports (Grolier).The Jagello dynasty ended in 1572, with the death of Sigismund II. The role was then transferred from aristocracy to the broader class of nobility called the szlachta. From 1573 to the last partition of Poland in 1795 the Republican Commonwealth was organized by a system of elective monarchy and of a Sejm (Parliament), meaning each noble had a vote. Even though the kings had to follow the idea of szlachta rule, they still used their own idea... ...e the best. Two examples are the fall of Jan Olszewski, because he try making a list of causation high ranking communist collaborators, and the first women to be Prime Minister, Hanna Suchocka, who lose by a no-confident vote. The people split in groups and accused Walesa and the roundtable negotiators to sell out to communist when it was they that could help if the economy falls (Szczepkowski). In 1995, Walesa was beat by Aleksander Kwasniewski, whose campaign asked people to look into the futur e and go forth about the past, for presidency. The church suffered because it made many efforts to influence politics and tried to influence Poland to become a post communist society, but sometimes backfired (Szczepkowski). BibliographyCulture in Peoples Poland. Ed. Tadeusz Galinski. Poland a Country of Study. Ed. Glenn E. Curtis third ed. Lanham Bernan Press, 1994.Poland. Britannica Online. 2001. Encyclopedia Britannica. 12 November 2001 Poland. 1998 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury Grolier Interactive Inc., 1998.

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

Torvald Holmers refusal to borrow money displays the character of a proud and controlling man. Helmer provided the monetary support for his family through hard work, not depending on others for money. When Torvalds law fare did not provide financially, he sought a job at the bank. after(prenominal) Helmer received a promotion at the bank, Nora felt they could straightway afford to be extravagant for Christmas. Nora says, "This is the first Christmas that we have not take to economize." Torvald announces that his promotion is not until ". . . after the New Year," so Nora blurts out ". . . we asshole borrow till then." Helmer interprets Noras spending of money as wasteful and foolish, congress her "That is like a woman ...T present can be no independence or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt." Obviously Torvald earns and manages the money in the house, and he attri exceptes Noras lack of thought of these matters to her gender. Torvald views a womans place to beautify the home through proper perplexity of domestic life, behavior, and appearance. Helmer demeans Nora about spending in calling her "sweet slim spendthrift, but she sure uses up a deal of money . . . " After accusing Nora of being irresponsible with money, Torvald rejoices at her dependence on him stating, ". . . Is my petite squirrel out of temper? ...what do you think I have here?" Nora exclaims, "Money" Torvald finds merriment in watching her happy reaction to him enceinte her money, and Nora saying, ". . . Thank you, thank you, . . . " This illustrates the helplessness of Nora and her dependence on Helmer, causing him to smell in control. 8. Noras secret crime confessed to Christine Linde, a childhood friend, had been to save her mortal(a) ill husbands life by borrowing money. She borrowed the money from Krogstad, without getting her husbands permission. As Nora and Christine palaver about their lives, Nora explains the financial hardships they had. "...Torvald left his office . . . There was no prospect of promotion . . . during the first year he overworked himself dreadfully . . . but he could not stand it, and fell dreadfully ill, and the doctors said it was required for him to go south." Since he was in danger of dying, Noras explanation was that the doctors urged them to live in the South for a year yet they thought Helmer should not know how ill he really was.

A Social Injustice: the effects of social inequalities in foster care a

As an adult, muckle that I encounter in my nonchalant life often wonder how I got to be the person that I am today an understanding, open-minded individual who does non look cut upon anyone that is less fortunate than I am and who does not look to more(prenominal) fortunate individuals as role models. When I am asked how I got to be so understanding, I answer giving credit to my parents value establishment they instilled in me as swell as acknowledging their duties as public servants in the City of New York. My father was a police officer who worked in a number of precincts in some of the worst, crime ridden areas of Brooklyn and my mother worked for the subdivision of Social Services in Child Welfare and the Bureau of prevalent Assistance, initially as a case-worker, in Brooklyn as well. It was because of their experiences in the palm and interacting with those less fortunate then we were that I gained a received aim of knowledge and understanding of the unfortunate mi shaps of people of my culture and the inequalities inflicted upon the black community. tho the most influential aspects of my knowledge came from the exposure my mother had through works for the City of New Yorks child welfare system and the foul treatments that her clients endured. As a result I go out discuss the doctors of social, economical and racial inequalities suffered by her clients and the impact it has had on their childrens education.During my studies in this class, we hand discussed numerous issues in lodge that affects children apart of education systems across America. afterwards reading through our assigned texts so far, I have had fourth dimension to reflect upon and add to the opinions discussed in class as far as access, gender, opportunity and particularly inequalities in todays society and how they affect our children today. The main text that influenced most of my opinions so far is David Nasaws keep back Schooled to Order which discusses the histor y of the public school system here in America. As shown through my reaction papers and discussions in class, I tangle Nasaws theories and opinions were reflective of the elitist, biased and prejudiced attitudes towards the working poor. I believed that people in our society today believe that unless you come from a certain lineage, pedigree, or mass amounts of money that the individual lacks a certain level of class and therefore would not be successful adul... ...y own observance, many of these children learn from an early age to give up hope in growing up to improve their lives through education, and sometimes do not want to strive to achieve better. My mother and I both total that until racial, economic and social inequalities are put into balance, that this city as well as many other areas around the country minority citizens will seem to always struggle and suffer from unfair treatments. She said that it is no coincidence that most of the citys worst schools, hospitals, and emergency run seem to largely be in heavily minority populate areas and she feels that the biggest inequality in New York is race. Admittedly, this paper has been the most difficult for me to civilise in that of the topics we discussed in class, I feel that inequalities is the main category for societys problems in which it incorporates accessibility, opportunity, gender, and mostly race. Our education system has been set-up mainly to die the elite from the masses, and the fact that blacks have been apart of this countrys history, unfortunately have always been the last on the social list and I believe that until it changes, they will remain that way.

Staging in Six Characters in Search of an Author :: essays papers

Staging in Six Characters in essay of an AuthorPirandellos masterpiece, Six Characters in Search of an Author iswell know for its innovative techniques of characterization,especially in the fullness of character as exhibited by theStepdaughter and the Father, but it is especially notable, andrightfully so, for the brilliant staging techniques employed by itsauthor. Pirandello utilizes his innovative staging techniques specificallyto symbolize, within the confines of the field of operations, the blending of thetheater and real life. Chief among these, of course, is the way inwhich the author involves the audience in his production, to the pointwhich, like a medieval audience, they become part of the action, andindeed, a character in its own right. The use of lines provided in theplaybill was the first of its descriptor never before had an author dared toask the members of the audience to perform, even though unpaid, andindeed, paying for the experience themselves. But with em erge those lines,how much less impressive would that bit be when the Director,understandably at the end of his rope with the greedy characters (who excite been from the start trying to coerce him into writing a script fornon-union wages), shouts public Fantasy Who needs this Whatdoes this mean? and the audience, in unison, shouts back, Its usWere here The twinkling immediately after that, when the whole castlaughs forecastly at the audience, pointing at them in glee, is nearlyunbearable for an audience, as shown b y the scream after the firstperformance, when the audience not only ripped the seats out of thetheater, but stole the popcorn. Pirandello also used a technique heinherited from the Cirque de Soleil, involving a trapeze hung fromthe catwalk. But though the trapeze was not in itself his owninvention, its use during the intermission as a means to vex theaudience was absolutely innovative. He had gotten the idea fromwatching the inhabitants at the noetic instit ution in Switzerland wherehis wife was recuperating from a Venetian holiday. The Swiss hospital,renowned for its experimentation, had started a program of gymnastics,meant to boost the patients self-esteem. The Stepdaughters forayabove the audiences heads, during the intermission, is a directreflection of that Swiss technique no one before Pirandello had daredto use it in the theater before, but it not only symbolized neatly theproblems with defining reality inherent in the text, but kept theaudience from really getting a rest during the intermission, since

Cancer and NMR Spectroscopy Essay -- Biology

Cancer is a disease that will most apt(predicate) affect each and e genuinely one of us throughout our lives. on that point are approximately 560,000 the great unwashed that die from genus Cancer each year. To attribute it in perspective, between 1/4 and 1/3 of every(prenominal) Ameri wads will die from this deadly disease. These statistics could be greatly reduced if people would stop smoking. Approximately 35% of all cancer cases are purpose results of tobacco use.Many people do not fully commiserate what cancer really is. Cancer is simply a mutation in the booths which causes them to replicate continuously without bond. Many people relate cancer with tumors, and rightly so. A tumor is basically just a lump of mutated mobile phones which last grows so big that it blocks the functions of the organs around it (a benign tumor) or begins to use up tissues surrounding it (a malignant tumor).Although there has been extensive research concerning cancer, nothing has been be t hat can cure cancer 100%. The reason for this is because a cancer tumor carries many different cancer cells. Every cancer cell reacts differently to each method of sermon, so while chemotherapy may start some cancer cells in a tumor, other subpopulations of cells in the similar tumor may not be affected at all. another(prenominal) problem with cancer is that the cancer cells are able to travel throughout the body, an event known as metastasis. This means that cancer cells in the front or lung are able to travel to the heart. This means that the cancer can spread throughout the body very easily, making treatment very difficult. While we have no true cures for cancer, there have been a few methods of treatment that have been somewhat successful. One such treatment is the drug cyclophosphamide (which is actually converted to 4-hydro... ...solution, nonradioactive method (NMR), the metabolites can be monitored noninvasively. NMR spectroscopy basically allows one to look at plaster ed certain nuclei, such as phosphorus and carbon, and show resonance. Since there are high levels of both of these elements in cancer cells, the NMR method allowed for top out observation of GSH levels.In addition to cancer cells, many other cell lines have high levels of metabolites containing phosphorus and carbon. With this in mind, NMR spectroscopy is all the way the tool of the future for noninvasive observations of cells. Namely, it can be used for perusing molecular dynamics, kinetics, microstructures, and equilibrium levels of chemical reactions. Through the use of more right methods and technology such as NMR, medical researchers can begin to composition together the puzzles of biology and medicine within the human body.

Leadership Essay -- essays research papers

A draw can be a conductor, but a manager is non necessarily a galloper. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the resource of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without apply his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership (Allen, 1998). Great organizations are managed by people who have the necessary skills and attributes which acknowledge them to connect with the organization and the people involved in the company. Managers must fiddle the many demands of performing their functions managers assume multiple roles which include being a figurehead, leader, liaison, monitor, disseminator, spokesperson, entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator. Managers set and achieve the organizations goals by planning, organizing, controlling and leading. A manger can assume or delegate portions of authority to lead employees and achieve goals.Being a lea der is not the same as managing an organization. Leaders posses the interpersonal skills needed to influence others to achieve a goal willingly. Leading is a major part of a managers job. Leaders do not need to be a manager to lead people, but managers must know how to lead as well as manage. Leaders also have the ability to inspire, motivate, limiting attitudes and influence others to achieve goals. Managers have the ability to fire employees if they do not accomplish what needs to be done. The authority given t...

World Hunger Essay -- Essays Papers

World smart This web pages goal is to introduce the visitor to the problem of human race aridness and provide ways to access more information through books and different web sites. The page was created as a final project for an environmental History class held at the University of Vermont spring semester 2000. Overview World starve is ace of the many dire problems facing the human race. Although the common person credibly wont have a big impact on ending being hunger, but by being aware of the issues you become empowered. It is first unavoidable discuss some other the myths about the reasons for world hunger. World hunger is non caused by population increase, but it is one of the factors. The global granulate production is high enough to feed the population, which means that supply is not a cause of world hunger. The lack agricultural estate is withal not a cause of hunger many of the third world nations have the arable land needed to produce enough provender to feed the ir people. The real cause of hunger is the inequality in the aver of pabulum production. The arable land cannot be used to grow food to feed people of third world nations because big corporations buy the land to produce cash crops for exporting. The inequality among nations was formed during colonization. The European powers sought to come on land that could produce marketable crops. Small plots of land farmed by families did not produce the volume of marketable goods that would bring profit to the Europeans. Some colo...

Essay --

Geier v. University of Tennessee 597 F.2d 1056 (6th cir 1979)Facts power member of Tennessee say University (TSU) Rita Geier (nee Sanders) sought an order with the dominion judiciary to nix the proposed expansion of the University of Tennessee at Nashville (UT-N). TSU, a historically black university governed by the State Board of Regents, was the only 4-year pointedness granting public institution in the greater Nashville area period UT-N operated under the indep give the axeent arrangement of the University of Tennessee Board and served as two-year non-degree granting credit college of the UT system. Geier asserted that the expansion of UT-N to a four-year degree granting institution would honour two separate, distinct, and segregated systems of higher(prenominal) education at heart the State of Tennessee.The united States, an interviewing plaintiff-appellee, asserted that the State of Tennessee was in violation of the Equal Protection clause of the fourteenth amendme nt with the justification that TSU students stock unequitable educational opportunities in comparison to students within the University of Tennessee (UT) system. The United States sought for UT-N and TSU to be merged with an additional requirement of a formal plan of integrating to be developed by UT, the Tennessee high Education Commission (THEC), and the State Board of Regents (SBR).Geiers request for an enjoining was denied based upon the court not finding records to verify that UT-N was attempting to expand into a degree-granting day institution. The district court did however rule that the State of Tennessees open admission insurance was not sufficient enough to see the freedoms protected under the 14th amendment and ordered the suppose defendants (UT Board, THEC, and... ...ill subject to state and federal governance. The federal establishment was a key factor within the district courts decisions as well as the appellate courts decisions and it is overbearing that we as policy shake uprs are upholding laws appropriately. Additionally, we raise learn from the inaction of THEC, the SBR, and the UT board. They had several failed attempts to desegregate the system and the district court ruled nonuple times that they were not making equal progress. Why they did not make a sustained effort to split the dual system and end segregation can only be hypothesized but as policy makers and campus leaders we can learn from their mistakes. The system of campus diversity offices and presidential taskforces that consider campus climate are strand examples of how we are more witting affording students with an equitable educational opportunity. Essay -- Geier v. University of Tennessee 597 F.2d 1056 (6th cir 1979)FactsFaculty member of Tennessee State University (TSU) Rita Geier (nee Sanders) sought an injunction with the district court to prohibit the proposed expansion of the University of Tennessee at Nashville (UT-N). TSU, a historicall y black university governed by the State Board of Regents, was the only 4-year degree granting public institution in the greater Nashville area while UT-N operated under the independent governance of the University of Tennessee Board and served as two-year non-degree granting extension college of the UT system. Geier asserted that the expansion of UT-N to a four-year degree granting institution would maintain two separate, distinct, and segregated systems of higher education within the State of Tennessee.The United States, an interviewing plaintiff-appellee, asserted that the State of Tennessee was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment with the justification that TSU students received unequitable educational opportunities in comparison to students within the University of Tennessee (UT) system. The United States sought for UT-N and TSU to be merged with an additional requirement of a formal plan of desegregation to be developed by UT, the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), and the State Board of Regents (SBR).Geiers request for an injunction was denied based upon the court not finding records to verify that UT-N was attempting to expand into a degree-granting day institution. The district court did however rule that the State of Tennessees open admission policy was not sufficient enough to satisfy the freedoms protected under the 14th amendment and ordered the state defendants (UT Board, THEC, and... ...ill subject to state and federal governance. The federal constitution was a key factor within the district courts decisions as well as the appellate courts decisions and it is imperative that we as policy makers are upholding laws appropriately. Additionally, we can learn from the inaction of THEC, the SBR, and the UT board. They had several failed attempts to desegregate the system and the district court ruled multiple times that they were not making adequate progress. Why they did not make a sustained effort to dismantl e the dual system and end segregation can only be hypothesized but as policy makers and campus leaders we can learn from their mistakes. The formation of campus diversity offices and presidential taskforces that consider campus climate are prime examples of how we are more cognizant affording students with an equitable educational opportunity.

farming :: essays research papers

FarmingI am doing my paper on farming because that is my job and the pay receives s me through college. Farming is a very important and a very difficult job at times. A potty of farmers dont get much credit for all the work they do and they dont get much pay for it either. When most farmers grow in age they start to get crippled and start to get arthritis. All farmers wealthy person a few stories approximately their experiences on the farm. I am way out to tell you most virtually of mine and some of my bosss. The former(a) things I am going to wrote about in this paper is some of the equipment we use, the number of cattle he milks, the animals he has on his farm, stuff about his family and himself. The farm I work at is located by Gilman, Wisconsin. It is wiz of the biggest farms in that ara. The farm that I work on is owned by Earl Oberlin. He is liter-five historic period old and has been farming for more than xx years before he started farming he haled gravel for a place called Olympics Trucking. He worked there for ten years and really didnt like it a hole lot. He has four kids and there are three boys and one girl. He has been married for about twenty-five years and his wife is an Elementary Pry. Ed. teacher G-man. The names of his kids are Shauna, Dave, Chad, Dinettes, and his wifes name is Mrs. Obverse. He started out milking oxen with just pipe place and regular milers. Now he uses automatic take off millers and that is lot easier on his back that is why he said he got them. He uses seven milers while he only milks about sixty-four cows and that only takes us on a good day about an hour in a half. Earl owns about three hundred and fifty acres of land at this point and most of it is farmland that he uses for crops. He has Twenty calves and twelve heifers in his barn right now. around of the machines that he uses are a TMR mixer that mixes all of the feed for the cows up and there is an elevator that comes off the end of the mixer and p uts it in the bunk were the cows go to eat it.

Lady Macbeth Seduces Macbeth In Many Ways Essay -- essays research pap

brothel keeper Macbeth does everything in her power to seduce Macbeth. She pouf him and gives him strength after Duncans murder. She emasculates and belittles him to convince him to commit the murder. She covertly seduces Macbeth by her suicide. When Macbeth finds by about her death he loses all hope and gives up on life.     After Macbeths deed was through with(p), he would of succumb to his guilt if it werent for lady Macbeth. His paranoia started to construct the best of him. Macbeth thinks that someone has comprehend him commit the crime, " I have done the deed, didst thou not hear a noise? " (Macbeth, II, II, 15) The good brothel keeper tells Macbeth she heard nothing, she is comforting him by reassuring him that no one heard a thing, " I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you peach? " (Macbeth, II, II, 16 - 17) Macbeth feels guilt and pity for what he has done to Duncan, he looks atomic pile on himself. looking at h is hands " This is a sorry sight. " (Macbeth, II, II, 22). Lady Macbeth comes through and shows Macbeth comfort and strength before he loses it and does something irrational. When Macbeth returns to his chamber after killing Duncan and Lady Macbeth learns that he didnt carry out the end of the broadcast, the reader sees a chip of panic in Lady Macbeth. She quickly regains her composure, though, and decides that she must complete the plan herself. She says to Macbeth, "Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but ...

William Shakespeares 18th and 55th Sonnets Essay -- Shakespeare 18 55

William Shakespe bes 18th and fifty-fifth SonnetsBoth William Shakespeares 18th and 55th sonnets are full and complete examples of poetry at its best, and, while studying Shakespeares form is very important, it is equally so to look at the fill and even further deep to its true meanings. His techniques which have immortalized him over some(prenominal) centuries are displayed at their best while still capturing his goal of reward his lover. Although the two poems were written separately, the shared theme is evident and they almost come along to flow together. In the 18th sonnet, Shakespeare begins by comparing his lover to a summers day, which may be seen as a steep compliment. Upon reading further, you find that not even the sun and all its resplendency can possibly compare to his dearest. As summer is shaken by the rough winds, its lease held short, and his golden complexion dimmd, his lover is perpetual, always bright, neer fading. It is interesting to see how he equates the existence of his writing to that of the unknown lover, construction so long lives this and this gives the...

The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper -- Chopin Awakening Essays

Kate Chopins story The Awakening and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans story The color Wallpaper draw their power from two truths First, each work stands as a political cry against injustice and at the socio/political contemporaries of the modern feminist movement. Second, each text is a gatekeeper of a new literary history. Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman seem to initiate a new physical body in textual history where literary conventions are revised to deal out an ideology representative of the new feminine presence. Two conventions in grouchy seem of central importance wedding party and propriety. Donald Keesey, editor of the little collection Contexts for Criticism, describes convention for us as, devices of structure and plot, techniques of character representation, and a capacious reservoir of images and symbols are conventions that most Western literatures, at least, nurse in commonBut like the conventions of language, they have meaning only to those who have learn ed them (Keesey, 262). literary convention is on one side the particular tool or image for example, baptism can be used as a literary a convention. It is a convention because it brings with it a set of inferences, i.e. rebirth, renewal, awakening, initiation, etc. This notification of the signifier to the signified is what Chopin and Gilman seek to revise in the conventions of propriety and marriage. The preceding definition of convention leaves us with an important question, namely, What if what the existing conventions take is insufficient? What if, as in the case of Chopin and Gilman, the canon (as a watching of society at large) has failed to recognize the feminine voice? As these authors have shown us, when such is the ... ...ier. New Essays on The Awakening. Ed. Wendy Martin. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1988. 89-106. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, The Yellow Wallpaper, The Feminist Press, 1973. Gilmore, Michael T. Revolt Against personality The Problematic Modernism of The Awa kening. Martin 59-84. Giorcelli, Cristina. Ednas Wisdom A Transitional and Numinous Merging. Martin 109-39. Keesey, Donald, Contexts for Criticism. Mayfield publication Company, 1994. Martin, Wendy, ed. New Essays on the Awakening. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1988. Papke, Mary E. Verging on the Abyss The Social manufacture of Kate Chopin and Edith Wharton. Westport, CT Greenwood, 1990. Seyersted, Per. Kate Chopin A Critical Biography. Baton Rouge Louisiana distinguish UP, 1969. Showalter, Elaine. Tradition and the Female Talent The Awakening as a lonely(prenominal) Book. Martin 33-55.

Meghans rough draft Essay -- Essays Papers

Meghans rough draft For the past fifty years or so, the Statesns have had the great fortune of living safely in a relatively peaceful world. That perspective changed the moment a commercial plane slammed into the World Trade Center on the morning of September 11th. Terrorists killed over 6,000 American citizens within a few hours. Suddenly, life as America knew it changed. Many stood in disbelief when they saw the joyous reactions of people delighted on the streets of Palestine. Our nation came to realize that we were truly hated, and that terrorist regimes rejoiced in our pain. The leader of iodine such a regime, Osama store Laden, became Americas cl early defined worst enemy. A war has begun between bin Laden and his terrorist followers, and all people who regard in freedom. Osama Bin Laden and the terrorists were unjustified in attacking America, and cannot rationally legitimize their actions. Evidence of this, as well as a discover understanding of their reasoning, can be f ound through examination of electric chair Bushs speech to the nation given on September 20th, and through examining redundant information on Osama and his terrorist followers. It was the heavy influence of Islamic extremism at an early age, as well as his personal experiences fighting jihad, or sanctified war, that prompted Osama bin Laden to become a terrorist. During his speech, President Bush place a terrorist regime named Al Qaeda as being trustworthy for the attacks, and said a person named Osama bin Laden (Bush, par. 16) was the leader of the group. Osama bin Laden was born in 1957 as one of fifty-some children sired by his become Mohammed Awad bin Laden. Due to his fathers royal connections and construction business, his family had quite a procedure of m... .... 2001. <http//www.msnbc.com/news/639057.aspZakaria, Fareed. Islam and the West. Online posting. 12 Oct. 2001. Newsweek Live Talk. 15 Oct. 2001. <http//www.msnbc.com/m/nw/ blather/talk.asp?lt=101201_islamM iller, John. Greetings, America. My Name Is Osama Bin Laden Esquire. 1 Feb. 1999. Frontline. 2001. 15 Oct. 2001. <http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/miller.htmlDoe, John. A chronicle of Osama bin Laden. Frontline. 15 Oct. 2001. <http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/bio.htmlDoe, John. Osama Bin Laden vs. the U.S. Edicts and Statements. Frontline. 15 Oct. <2001. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/edicts.htmlBush, George. President Bushs obstetrical delivery to the Nation September 20, 2001. 20 Sept. <2001. http//www.u.arizona.edu/wendres/docs/bush_sept20.html

Phaedo by Plato :: Papers

Phaedo by PlatoThe main theme behind the Phaedo is Socrates readiness and willingness to die, because of his flavor of immortality. Socrates believed that when his body ceased to exist anymore, that his soul would leave and join that of the forms, where he would be etern every(prenominal)y. Socrates believed so strongly in this, that not merely did he not fear his death, he welcomed it. He believed that only when the soul separated from the body, is a person able to be truly enlightened and gain all knowledge. This enlightenment has been Socrates life long goal of discovering the truth. Even at his minute of death, Socrates showed no hesitation. However, Socrates friends did not believe so strongly, and took some great exchange by Socrates, to allow his friends to be okay with his death. The two proofs that Socrates used to convince his friends be the Doctrine of Opposites and the simplex and composite theory.The first proof, the Doctrine of Opposites, is the graphic sy mbol of proof that uses a sequence of factual statements the lead from to another to arise that star thing is the same as another thing. The Doctrine of Opposites uses simple references to allow the reader to easily comprehend and follow the steps of the ratiocinative process. For example, hot comes from insensate. An object could not possibly be hot if it was neer heated up from the state of being cold. The same holds true for the change of mind of this analogy. If cold object must have at one show up been cooled down from a state of being hot. Since hot and cold be opposites, this simple statement proves that things come from there opposite. Also by use this example, Socrates is trying to imply the idea of eternal worldly concern. He is saying that cold doesnt come from thin air. It had to have come from some previous existence in some other form, which in this case would be hot. another(prenominal) example that he uses is the asleep and on the lookout analogy . One would have to allot that a person could be only one or the other. If you are not sleeping, then you are awake and if you are not awake then you have to be asleep. This example further proves that you can only be one of something or the other, its opposite, but you must be one of them.

Transcendental And Anti Transcendental Movements Essay -- essays resea

Transcendental and Anti-Transcendental Movements     During the New England Renaissance occlusion of 1840-1855, literature underwent two very distinct movements known as transcendentalism and Anti-Transcendentalism. Both movements were very influential and consisted of authors such as Ralph Waldo Emerson (Transcendentalist) and Nathaniel Hawthorne (Anti-Transcendentalist). Concentrating their ideas on pitying nature and intuition, rather than on logic and reason, both these movements served as a flourishing revolt against previously accepted ideas.     The Transcendental movement focused its ideas on the essential unity of creation, the pure goodness of humanity and in individual intuition as the highest source of knowledge, rather than sensory experience. Optimism predominate peoples thoughts and was shown in the ideas of the Transcendentalists. The Transcendentalists believed deeply in human potential and in the integrity of Nature. Tr uth, they believed, was in any case reflected in Nature and how it made you feel, and Nature was a reflection of the beauty of human nature. They focused on the possibilities of the human spirit and the efficacy of it reaching the "Over Soul". The "Over Soul" is the so-called asseverate in which all beings (Nature, God, and Humanity) are spiritually united. During this movement, individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of traditional authority were also highly st...

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay -- Malcolm X Luther King C

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, juniorAfrican Americans ar fortunate to have leadership who fought for a difference in Black America. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X be two powerful men in particular who brought hope to blacks in the United States. Both preached the same message ab issue Blacks having power and enduringness in the midst of all the hatred that surrounded them. Even though they shared the same dreaming of equality for their people, the tactics they implied to make these dreams a reality were very different. The background, environment and philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X were by and large responsible for the distinctly varying responses to American racism.The early backgrounds of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. had major impact on their goal to achieve equality amidst all races. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born Michael Luther King in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929. He was one of three children born to Martin Luther King Sr. , pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Alberta King, a former inculcateteacher. Malcolm X was born Malcolm bitty on May19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a homemaker who stayed occupied with the familys eight children. His father, Earl Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and devouring(a) supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. King go to nonintegrated local public grammar schools in Georgia and graduated from high school at the age of fifteen after being skipped two kind levels. King then enrolled in Morehouse University in 1944 and graduated with a bachelors degree in sociology. He furthered his education after Morehouse at Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania and at Boston University, earning his doctorate. X attended reform school in Michigan after the death of his father. Malcolm dropped out of school after graduating from junior high school at the top out of his class. As the years passed Malcolm and Ma rtin took on two different life sentencestyles. Martin then hook up with Coretta Scott in 1955 and into the family born two sons and two daughters. Malcolm married on January 14, 1958 to Betty Sanders and afterward had six daughters. King was renamed Martin when he was about six years old. Malcolm considered Little a slave name and chose the X to signify his lost tribal name (Rummel 157). In 1954, Martin Luther King accepted pa... ...el 125). Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X are both remembered as strong leaders who shared an equal dream that one day their people would be free from racism and oppression. They believed in this dream so strongly they sacrificed their lives for it. Today, both mens legacy lives on and is being carried out by their loved ones. They had the same goal in mind about Black respect and pride, but were different in addressing their message. Personally, the life of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King has inspired me. Their determination and strong impar t to fight for something they believed in encouraged me to fight for my belief in immortal and values as a Black person. They also help me discharge if you want something in life you have to go after it and that is what I did with furthering my education. One should use Malcolm and Martin as examples to not let anything in life get in the path of what you stand for. Even though Malcolm and Martin did not live to see their dream come true their deaths were not in vain. Although Black America still have a long way to go in overcoming racism, we have accomplished a lot in gaining rights since the death of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X.

Dream :: essays research papers

DREAMSTheories attempting to explain the origin and functions of REM sleep complicate (1) thatREM sleep provides stimulation for the development of the brain (2) that it performs a chemicalrestoration function, since during REM pipe dream neuro-protein synthesis occurs along with therestoration of other depleted brain chemicals (3) that it provides oculomotor (eye movement)coordination, since during non-REM sleep the eyes move on an individual basis of each other (4) that itprovides a vigilance function, since REM sleep (stage I) is characterized by a level ofconsciousness close to the awakened state (5) in a more recent and controversial theory, REM ambition performs a neurological erasure function, eliminating extraneous information build-up inthe memory corpse and (6) that, in a more cognitive psychological explanation, REM dreamingenhances memory storage and reorganization.Contrary to popular belief, dreaming is not caused by eating certain foods beforebedtime, nor by envi ronmental stimuli during sleeping. Dreaming is caused by internal biologicalprocess. Some exploreers have proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis. Theirneurological research indicates that too large brain cells in the primitive brain stem spontaneously plan of attackabout every 90 minutes, sending random stimuli to cortical areas of the BRAIN. As aconsequence, memory, sensory, muscle-control, and cognitive areas of the brain are randomlystimulated, resulting in the high cortical brain attempting to make some sense of it. This,according to the research, gives full to the experience of a dream.Now, as in the past, the most significant literary argument centers on the question of whether dreamshave intentional, or actual personal, meaning. Many psychotherapists plead that while theneurological impulses from the brain stem may activate the dreaming process, the content or significant representations in dreams are caused by unconscious needs, wishes, desires, andeveryday con cerns of the dreamer. Thus, such psychotherapists subscribe to thephenomenological-clinical, or "top-down," explanation, which holds that dreams are intentionallymeaningful messages from the unconscious. The neurological, or "bottom-up," explanationmaintains that dreams have no intentional meaning. In in the midst of these two positions is anapproach called content analysis. Content analysis simply describes and classifies the unhomogeneousrepresentations in dreams, such as people, houses, cars, trees, animals, and color, though nodeep adaptation is attributed to the content. Differences in content have been discoveredbetween the dreams of males and females, and between dreams and occurring in differentdevelopmental stages of life. What these differences mean is under investigation.Some recent research seems to indicate that dream content reflects problems that thedreamer experiences in life, and that the function of such dreams is to facilitate the emotionalreso lution of the problems.

The Sixth Sense Essay -- essays papers

The one-sixth SenseThe Sixth Sense, directed and scripted by M. Night Shyamalan, follows the troubled life of eight-year-old Cole Sear, played by Haley Joel Osment, who is haunted by his supernatural abilities to see and communicate with the dead. Being sought-after(a) after by the disturbed spirits of his hometown of Philadelphia, Cole must placate this frightening power with his desperate desire to be normal. Growing more isolated from his careless mother and distrustful of his peers in school, Cole in brief encounters child psychologist Dr. Malcolm Crow (Bruce Willis), who is led by obsessive ambitions, although weakened by the thought of his neglected wife. Still, Malcolm represents the only hope for dissolving the horror and restoring sanity. The main(prenominal) character would have to be Dr. Malcolm Crow played by Bruce Willis. early on on in the story is attacked by a former patient. The see to it leaves him traumatized, and lost. Something inside him has died. Dr. C row feels the only way to redeem himself for failing to benefactor that former patient is to somehow find a way to help Cole. Wearing in a dull gray suit, he brings a sadness to his characters detachment that supports the entire production.The motion-picture show The Sixth Sense is made in a very unconventional way. The reverse really changes the successiveness of the movie. The end of the movie finally makes the whole movie understandable. There is a very strange flow in the sequence of the plot. In my opinion, the very last scene should have bee...

‘An Inspector Calls’ by J.B.Priestley Essay -- Drama

How has watching a production of An tester Calls by J.B.Priestley enhanced the ledger and furthered your understanding of the bring in? Refer to themes and characters in your analysis.An quizzer Calls J.B. Priestley=====================================Twentieth Century Drama Coursework---------------------------------- caper How has watching a production of An inspector Calls byJ.B.Priestley enhanced the campaignscript and furthered your understanding ofthe play? Refer to themes and characters in your analysis.Following my reading of An Inspector Calls by J.B.Priestely, I wentto the theatre to see Daldrys production. I ground that watching theplay on wooden leg massively enhanced the script and furthered myunderstanding of the play. The use of scenery, sound, lighting,special effects, the actors and their actual movement just about the stageall emphasised Priestleys moral message of the play, which he matte upwas so necessary to express.The play An Inspector Calls was wri tten by J.B.Priestley in thewinter of 1944-1945, when Priestley, as explained in his biography byVincent Brome, had an idea about a mysterious inspector visiting afamily... before the (second world) war. The holy play was writtenat top speed,... and finished within a week. Even though the playwas written in 1945, it was set in 1912 and written on a basis ofPriestleys early influences in life. His childhood home was a placewhere socialist ideas thrived and he had a real experience of workingclass life through many visits to his grandparents house innarrow backstreets behind a lallygag factory. J.B.Priestley was very interested in politics, but could not agree solely with the policies of any one political party. One of themain reasons for him writing An Inspector Calls was to put thelabour party into authority. He was a socialist and ground his viewsand actions on compassion, the sort of compassion that the Inspectorwants to see in those he questions in the play.Brumley, where the play is set, is a large manufacturing town in theMidlands. In 1912 nearly 15 million people lived in large towns andcities. close people worked in manufacturing industries, mining,transport and trade. England had huge social divisions, based more often than noton wealth and income. Priestley replicates this scenario when firstdescribing t... ...outside of his safe world, inside of the house, to answer it. This signifies that he cannot escape reality and must face up to hisactions. Finally, in set up to show the that morals and piths of the play arestill relevant for a modern day audience, in Daldrys production, thehouse lights are switched on for the Inspectors speech and the coremessage of the play he has to deliver. Even though you may bewatching how the Birlings have misbehaved, this is a reminder to theaudience that no one should behave as they did and unendingly face up totheir responsibilities, which is the message Priestley wanted toconvey in his play of An Inspector C alls.To conclude, I found that watching a production of An InspectorCalls immensely enhanced and furthered my understanding of the play,in many ways as explained and analysed thoroughly in this essay. Although Priestleys ideas were noted when reading the play in class,I felt they were conveyed more emotionally had much more nub whenacted. All plays are supposed to acted in order convey the meaningsof them in this way and I found Daldrys production created thatemotion and meaning extremely effectively.